URBAN PLANNING EVOLUTION OF SATELLITE TOWNS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF VOLZHSKY IN VOLGOGRAD REGION)

Abstract

The article contains a brief historical overview of urban development main theories in the first half of the 20th century (garden city, social city, workers’ settlement), which had a significant impact on Volzhsky city location and the formation of its spatial planning structure. The main prerequisites for the emergence of satellite towns in world and Soviet theory and practice of urban planning are considered. The history of the Volzhsky city emergence from a settlement for hydroelectric power station builders to the center of a new territorial-industrial complex is considered, it is noted that the construction of the city went beyond the solution of only construction and technological issues, it became a landmark phenomenon of Soviet urban development, the embodiment of the post-war revival idea. The article describes the specifics of the architectural planning structure formation of the first stage of Volzhsky center construction, and identifies the compositional features of its construction. During the study, the main characteristics of the first stage of Volzhsky construction development: the ratio of open spaces in the structure of residential and mixed development, planning modules types for the historical quarters development, and features of the “Volzhsky style”, were determined. The conclusion about the need to understand the value attitude towards the Soviet architectural and urban planning heritage of the 1950s and its unambiguous recognition as monuments of the era with unique value characteristics is made.