ARCHITECTURE OF CONTEMPORARY MUSEUMS: “SPECTACULARITY OF GLOBALISM„ VS. “SPIRIT OF THE PLACE„

Abstract

The role of museum architecture in the urban space has always been exceptional, but today attention to them as a driving force that shapes the new look of cities and regions has sharply escalated. The article is devoted to two main trends in the formation of modern museum architecture: universalization, which is driven by the forces of cultural globalization, and regionalism, based on the requirements of preserving the diversity of the culture of nations and local communities. Architectural globalization and regionalism were analyzed on well-known buildings abroad in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Russian experience was also considered on the examples of both implemented works and projects and competitions in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, and Volgograd. The main methods of architectural shaping are revealed. In architectural globalization, these are experiments with form, curvilinearity, the use of fantastic images of unearthly origin. “de-territorialization„ (separation from place) and “de-historicization„ (separation from historical time, continuity). Regionalism in museum architecture is manifested by such techniques as inspiration from local natural landscapes; the use of historical images and images; rethinking the use of traditional building materials; modern interpretation of folk and traditional architecture.