ANCHOR OBJECTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CITY: APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THEIR IMPACT ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of methods for assessing the impact of anchor objects on the quality of the urban environment. Theoretical foundations of the concept of “anchor object” and its role as a center for forming economic, social, spatial, and environmental linkages are examined. Based on Russian and international studies, approaches to evaluating university campuses, business centers, cultural and sports complexes are analyzed. The review shows that existing assessment methods rely on index-based approaches, benchmarking, urban microclimate modeling, and socio-economic and institutional assessments. It is demonstrated that while current methods are highly detailed, they are mainly limited to separate aspects of influence. The authors conclude that there is a shortage of comprehensive methodologies capable of integrating engineering, social, economic, and environmental indicators into a unified assessment system. A direction for further research is proposed - the development of an integrated methodology for assessing the quality of the urban environment that ensures accuracy and comparability of research results, contributing to sustainable and balanced urban development in the planning and operation of anchor objects.